He directs attention to a marginal yet indispensable figure: the Google DeepMind employee seated beside the board, manually placing stones for a machine with no arms. This person did not understand AlphaGo’s strategies. He did not need to be a skilled Go player, and perhaps did not even fully grasp the rules of the game. He was never regarded as the new world champion, and no one credits him with even a fraction of the achievement. So who, in fact, won? The engineers behind AlphaGo, absent from the games themselves? The system alone? Or, unsettlingly, no one at all?